Bibliography and Footnote Templates

Click Templates under the Bibliography or Footnotes heading in Output Styles to see the templates for how those references are formatted.

For footnote and bibliography templates, each has a "Generic" template, and other reference-type-specific templates to format the various reference types in a bibliography.

The following examples show how journal articles, books, and book sections, respectively, would be formatted with the Numbered style. Notice that each reference type is formatted differently, which is why different templates are required:

  1. Emiliani,

  2. Jones, V.R.,The Theory of Foraging,

  3. Whitney, J.R.,

Generic Template

The Generic template is used to format references that use the Generic reference type or do not have their own template in the style. For example, if a Book template had not been included in the style, book references would be formatted using the Generic template.

Generic - Short Form Template

The Generic - Short Form template may be defined for each reference type just like the regular footnote. You can edit the short form in a template. The order of use is that:

  1. The short form definition for a specific reference is used.

  2. If the definition is not available, then the generic short form definition is used.

  3. If no generic definition is available, then the full form of the reference for that type is used.

  4. If the full form is not available, then the generic full form is used.

Other Reference Type Templates

The rest of the templates in the style tell EndNote how to format specific reference types, such as journals, books, and book sections. If a check mark appears next to a reference type in the Reference Type list, a template is already defined for it (you can edit the template).

Footnote Template Options

Styles have varying requirements for how citations in footnotes should be formatted. The options at the top of the Footnotes Templates panel in Output Styles allow for the different conditions.

For some styles, citations in footnotes are formatted just like in- text citations (in the body of the paper). In that case, there is no need to create a special template for footnotes, select the "Same as citation" option from the "Format citations in footnotes" list.

Similarly, some formats request that citations in footnotes are formatted as full bibliographic references, exactly like the bibliography. For those styles, you can set the footnote format option to Same as Bibliography.

However, if you need the footnotes to use their own special format (most styles for the humanities require this), you would select the option to format citations in footnotes with a unique footnote format. For this option, you need to define the templates for how citations in footnotes should be formatted.

For information about how to treat repeated citations, such as using a short form for non-consecutive repeated citations, and Ibid. for consecutive repeated citations, see Repeated Citations in Footnotes.

When using the short form, select the check box that tells the system to include the Title field only when needed to disambiguate a citation.

Related Topics

Adding and Removing Fields in a Formatted Reference

Adding New Reference Types

Additional Style Formatting Options

Changing the Punctuation in a Formatted Reference

EndNote Cleans Up

Fonts and Text Styles

Modifying Style Templates

Rules for Working with Style Templates

Special Formatting Characters